Modeling of Algerian Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines

Abstract

This thesis focuses on the modeling and numerical simulation of crude oil flow in pipelines, with a specific analysis of its transportation through the central transport network of Béjaïa. The objective is to study the parameters influencing oil flow and to optimize transport conditions. The first chapter presents the historical evolution and main activities of the Sonatrach company, including exploration and production, pipeline transportation, refining and petrochemicals, liquefaction and separation, and commercialization. Special attention is given to the central transport region of Béjaïa, with a detailed description of infrastructures such as the OB1 pipeline, pumping stations, storage parks, the manifold, the control tower, the analysis laboratory, the scraper station, the oil port, and the offshore loading buoy. The second chapter focuses on the modeling of crude oil flow in pipelines. The fundamental principles of fluid dynamics are examined, as well as the specific characteristics of crude oil flow, such as viscosity, density, chemical composition, and impurity content. Different flow models are analyzed, highlighting flow regimes, the Reynolds number, and boundary conditions. The third chapter is dedicated to the simulation of crude oil flow in pipelines using FLUENT software. The steps of data preparation, simulation model configuration, and analysis of the obtained results are detailed. Pressure and velocity contours along the pipeline for different temperatures are examined, as well as pressure losses and wall shear stress. Simulation results show that increasing temperature leads to a decrease in viscosity, facilitating flow and reducing pressure losses. Additionally, crude oil density slightly decreases with temperature, influencing pressure and velocity profiles. These findings highlight the importance of managing thermal conditions to optimize crude oil transport through pipelines. This work offers promising perspectives for optimizing crude oil transport and effectively managing pipeline networks. By combining a better understanding of fluid properties with advanced numerical simulations, it is possible to improve the performance and safety of crude oil transportation.