Institutional Bureaucracy In Algeria: A Study Of The Interaction Between Human Resources Policies And The Production Of Organizational Culture
Keywords:
Institutional Bureaucracy, HR Policies, Organizational Culture, Ethnography, Algerian institutionsAbstract
This ethnographic study aims to explore the intricate relationship between formal HR policies and the ongoing creation of organizational culture within Algerian institutions. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation across multiple sites, the research analyzes how employees actively engage with and interpret bureaucratic frameworks, revealing a fundamental dialectic at work, as while policies provide an official script, organizational members consistently perform sophisticated “everyday making,” whereby they artfully blend procedural mandates with deeply rooted, localized social logics and practical understandings. This dynamic interaction generates a distinct, hybrid cultural order, characterized not by the dominance of one logic over the other, but by their pragmatic coexistence; the formal and the informal are continuously woven together through daily practice. Consequently, the very mechanisms designed to standardize and control behavior become central, albeit unintended, instruments for forging unique and context-grounded organizational identities; thus, culture is not merely shaped by policy but is produced through the ongoing, nuanced enactment of it.
References
Al-Twal, A., Alsarhan, F., Nabulsi, L., & Horani, C. (2024). Bridging power and fairness: unravelling the impact of informal networks on organisational justice in the ARAB region. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 46(7), 1509–1531. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-03-2024-0142
Alvesson, M., & Kärreman, D. (2007). Constructing mystery: Empirical matters in theory development. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1265–1281. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586822
Ben Aouda, F. Z. (2019). Organizational culture in Algerian public institutions between bureaucracy and informal relations: A field study in the energy sector. Journal of Administrative Studies, 15(2), 112–135.
Benachenhou, F., & Guerrout, W. (2023). Innovative digital practices: enhancing the effectiveness of human resource management in the digital transformation era. Finance and Business Economics Review, 7(4), 223–240.
Boukhalifa, M. E. (2021). Human resources policies as a mechanism for building organizational culture in the context of digital transformation: A case study of an Algerian telecommunications institution. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(3), 45–67. Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice (R. Nice, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1972)
Bouziane, M., Harders, C., & Hoffmann, A. (Eds.). (2016). Local politics and contemporary transformations in the Arab world: Governance beyond the center. Palgrave Macmillan.
Bouziyan, M. S. (2016). Organizational identity in Algerian institutions between locality and globalization. Journal of Human Sciences, 27(4), 77–95.
Czarniawska, B. (1997). Narrating the organization: Dramas of institutional identity. University of Chicago Press.
Czarniawska, B., & Sevón, G. (Eds.). (2005). Global ideas: How ideas, objects and practices travel in the global economy. Liber & Copenhagen Business School Press.
de Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life (S. Rendall, Trans.). University of California Press. (Original work published 1980)
Feldman, M. S., & March, J. G. (1981). Information in organizations as signal and symbol. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(2), 171–186. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392467
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. Basic Books.
Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modernage. Stanford University Press.
Haouam, M., Hamami, F., & Badraoui, S. (2024). HRM and rationalization problematic in Algerian enterprises. Ediktura Beladi, X(3), 82–85.
Hima, N., Benarous, D., Louail, B., & Hamadi, W. (2025). Enhancing employee engagement through digital HR practices: the mediating role of organizational trust in Algerian universities. South Florida Journal of Development, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv6n1-030
Isa, S. (2025). Modernity and its relationship to organizational culture in the Algerian economic institution: Algeria telecom in Adrar as a model. El-Hakika (The Truth)Journal for Social and Human Sciences, 24(2), 340–356.
Kaouache, R., Himrane, M., Brewer, G. A., & Kaouache, A. (2025). Existing and prefer reorganizational culture in Algerian power plants: a second look. Frontiers in Sociology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1498129
Koburtay, T., Syed, J., & Haloub, R. (2023). Contextualizing leadership in the Arab Middle East: A qualitative study. European Management Journal, 41(5), 736–747.
Laichi, S. (2023). Administrative bureaucratic management in Algeria between social structure and organizational culture. Management and Economics Research Journal, 5(4), 564–577.
Leonardi, P. M., & Barley, S. R. (2010). What's under construction here? Social action, materiality, and power in constructivist studies of technology and organizing. Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416521003654160
Lipsky, M. (2010). Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services (30th anniversary expanded ed.). Russell Sage Foundation. (Original workpublished 1980)
Orlikowski, W. J. (2007). Sociomaterial practices: Exploring technology at work. Organization Studies, 28(9), 1435–1448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840607081138
Salhi, A. (2020). The interaction between the formal administrative systemand informal social logic in the Algerian institution: A sociological approach. Arab Journal of Administration, 40(1), 89–104.
Salih, A. A. (2015). Organizational culture in Arab institutions: An analytical study. Al-Shorouk Publishing and Distribution.
Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Scott, J. C. (1998). Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human conditionhave failed. Yale University Press.
Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art & practice of the learning organization (2nded.). Doubleday. (Original work published 1990)
Smircich, L. (1983). Concepts of culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(3), 339–358. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392246
Van Maanen, J. (2011). Ethnography as work: Some rules of engagement. Journal of Management Studies, 48(1), 218–234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00980.x
Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. SAGE Publications.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6thed.). SAGE Publications.



